Hepatitis A (HAV) Antibody, IgM
CPT Code(s):
86709
Turnaround Time:
24 - 48 hours
Specimen Requirements
Preferred Specimen:
Serum
Minimum Volume:
1.0 mL
Transport Container:
Serum Separator Tube (SST) or Red Top Tube
Transport Temperature:
Room Temperature
Collection Instructions:
Allow blood to clot completely prior to centrifugation. Separate serum from cells within 45 minutes of collection.
Rejection Criteria:
Sodium Citrate plasma; gross hemolysis; lipemia; improper labeling
Stability Criteria
Room Temperature:
2 hours
Refrigerated:
7 days
Frozen:
90 days
Clinical Significance
The Hepatitis A, IgM test holds specific clinical significance and diagnostic use in the detection of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. It measures the presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies produced by the immune system in response to HAV infection.
The specific clinical significance and diagnostic use of the Hepatitis A, IgM test include:
1. Acute Hepatitis A Diagnosis: The test is primarily used to diagnose acute HAV infection. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver and is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water. Detection of IgM antibodies against HAV indicates recent infection, usually within the past few weeks to months. It helps differentiate acute hepatitis A from past infection or immunity.
2. Screening of Symptomatic Patients: The Hepatitis A, IgM test is performed on individuals presenting with symptoms consistent with acute hepatitis, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, jaundice, and abdominal pain. Positive results confirm the presence of an active HAV infection, allowing for appropriate management and prevention of further transmission.
3. Outbreak Investigations: The test plays a crucial role in identifying and investigating outbreaks of hepatitis A in communities or settings with a high risk of transmission, such as healthcare facilities, daycare centers, and food establishments. Rapid identification of cases and implementation of control measures, such as vaccination and sanitation protocols, can help contain the spread of the virus.
4. Monitoring Disease Progression: Serial measurements of Hepatitis A, IgM antibodies may be performed to monitor disease progression in individuals with acute hepatitis A. A decline in IgM antibody levels over time indicates resolution of the infection and helps assess the effectiveness of treatment interventions, supportive care, and the patient's immune response.
5. Public Health Surveillance: The Hepatitis A, IgM test is an essential tool for public health surveillance programs. It provides data on the incidence and prevalence of acute hepatitis A infections within a community or population. This information is used to identify high-risk groups, guide preventive measures, and evaluate the impact of vaccination programs.
It is important to note that the Hepatitis A, IgM test is specific to acute hepatitis A infection and does not indicate chronic or past infection. Additional tests, such as Hepatitis A, IgG, and HAV RNA detection, may be required to confirm chronic infection or to differentiate between acute and resolved infections.
In summary, the Hepatitis A, IgM test is specifically used for diagnosing acute hepatitis A infection by detecting the presence of IgM antibodies against HAV. It is valuable in screening symptomatic patients, investigating outbreaks, monitoring disease progression, and contributing to public health surveillance efforts. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of acute hepatitis A infection help prevent further transmission and ensure optimal patient care.