Synovial Fluid Cell Count
CPT Code(s):
89051
Turnaround Time:
14 days
Specimen Requirements
Preferred Specimen:
Synovial Fluid
Minimum Volume:
1.0 mL
Transport Container:
Capped Syringe (without the needle) or Sterile Cup and Lavender Top Tube
Transport Temperature:
Room Temperature
Collection Instructions:
Follow normal aseptic collection proceudres
Rejection Criteria:
Quantity not sufficient for analysis; Specimen received at room temperature > 2 hours old; Specimen received refrigerated > 48 hours old; frozen specimens
Stability Criteria
Room Temperature:
24 hours
Refrigerated:
48 hours
Frozen:
Unacceptable
Clinical Significance
Synovial Fluid Cell Count is a diagnostic tool used to analyze the cellular components present in the synovial fluid, which is the fluid found in joints. This test has specific clinical significance and diagnostic use in the following ways:
1. Assessment of Inflammatory Conditions: The cell count and differential analysis of synovial fluid can help assess the presence and severity of inflammation in the joint. An increased number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the synovial fluid is indicative of an inflammatory process, such as arthritis or joint infection. The specific types of white blood cells present can provide further insights into the underlying condition.
2. Differentiation between Infectious and Non-Infectious Causes: Synovial Fluid Cell Count can aid in differentiating between infectious and non-infectious causes of joint inflammation. In cases of joint infection, the synovial fluid may show an elevated white blood cell count with a predominance of neutrophils. Non-infectious inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout, may show a different pattern of white blood cell distribution.
3. Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis: Septic arthritis is a serious condition characterized by infection within the joint. Synovial Fluid Cell Count can help confirm the diagnosis by demonstrating an increased white blood cell count with a high proportion of neutrophils. This information is essential for initiating prompt and appropriate treatment.
4. Monitoring Disease Progression and Treatment Response: Synovial Fluid Cell Count can be performed serially to monitor disease progression and assess the response to treatment. A decreasing white blood cell count and shift in cell type distribution towards normal values indicate a positive response to therapy, while persistent or increasing cell counts may suggest ongoing inflammation or infection.
5. Guidance for Surgical Intervention: In some cases, a high synovial fluid cell count may indicate the need for surgical intervention, such as joint aspiration or drainage. The test results can guide healthcare providers in determining the appropriate management approach for the patient.
In summary, Synovial Fluid Cell Count is a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing joint inflammation, differentiating infectious from non-infectious causes, and aiding in the diagnosis of septic arthritis. It is also useful for monitoring disease progression, assessing treatment response, and guiding surgical interventions. This test plays a critical role in the accurate diagnosis and management of joint-related conditions.