Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)
CPT Code(s):
80053
Turnaround Time:
4 hours
Specimen Requirements
Preferred Specimen:
Serum
Minimum Volume:
1.0 mL
Transport Container:
Serum Separator Tube (SST) or Red Top Tube
Transport Temperature:
Room Temperature
Collection Instructions:
Allow blood to clot completely prior to centrifugation. Separate serum from cells within 45 minutes of collection.
Rejection Criteria:
Citrate, Fluoride,Sodium Heparin, or EDTA plasma specimen; gross hemolysis; lipemia; improper labeling
Stability Criteria
Room Temperature:
8 hours
Refrigerated:
2 days
Frozen:
30 days
Clinical Significance
The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) test holds specific clinical significance and diagnostic use in the field of clinical chemistry and assessment of overall metabolic health. It is a blood test that provides valuable information about various organ systems and their functions.
The clinical significance and diagnostic use of Comprehensive Metabolic Panel include:
1. Evaluation of Organ Function: CMP evaluates the function of several vital organs, including the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. It measures various markers such as liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), kidney function markers (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen), and pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase). Abnormal levels of these markers can indicate organ dysfunction, allowing healthcare providers to diagnose and monitor conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, and pancreatitis.
2. Assessment of Electrolyte and Fluid Balance: CMP includes measurements of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate, which play a crucial role in maintaining proper fluid balance, nerve function, and pH balance. Abnormalities in these electrolyte levels can indicate electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, or conditions affecting fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
3. Monitoring of Blood Glucose Levels: CMP includes measurement of blood glucose levels, providing important information about a patient's blood sugar regulation. Abnormal glucose levels can indicate conditions such as diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or hypoglycemia. Monitoring blood glucose levels helps healthcare providers assess glycemic control and guide treatment decisions for individuals with diabetes or other glucose metabolism disorders.
4. Identification of Metabolic Disorders: CMP helps identify metabolic disorders that affect various aspects of metabolism, such as lipid metabolism and protein metabolism. Abnormal levels of markers such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin can indicate disorders like dyslipidemia or protein malnutrition. Early detection and management of metabolic disorders are crucial for preventing complications and promoting optimal metabolic health.
5. Screening for Liver and Kidney Disease: CMP is useful for screening and monitoring liver and kidney diseases. Elevations in liver enzymes (AST, ALT) can indicate liver damage or inflammation, while abnormalities in kidney function markers (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) can suggest impaired kidney function. Regular monitoring of these markers helps in the early detection of liver and kidney diseases, allowing for timely interventions and management.
6. Preoperative Evaluation: CMP is commonly performed as part of preoperative evaluations. It provides baseline information about a patient's organ function, electrolyte balance, and glucose metabolism, helping healthcare providers assess the patient's overall health status and evaluate their readiness for surgery.
In summary, Comprehensive Metabolic Panel has specific clinical significance in the evaluation of organ function, assessment of electrolyte and fluid balance, monitoring blood glucose levels, identification of metabolic disorders, screening for liver and kidney disease, and preoperative evaluation. By measuring a comprehensive panel of markers, this test provides valuable information for clinical decision-making, enabling healthcare providers to diagnose and manage various conditions affecting metabolism and organ function, guide treatment strategies, and promote overall metabolic health and well-being.