Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibody, IgG
CPT Code(s):
86644
Turnaround Time:
24 - 48 hours
Specimen Requirements
Preferred Specimen:
Serum
Minimum Volume:
1.0 mL
Transport Container:
Serum Separator Tube (SST) or Lithium Heparin or Lavendar Top Tube (EDTA)
Transport Temperature:
Room Temperature
Collection Instructions:
Allow blood to clot completely prior to centrifugation. Separate serum from cells within 45 minutes of collection.
Rejection Criteria:
Citrate, Fluoride,Sodium Heparin; gross hemolysis; lipemia; improper labeling
Stability Criteria
Room Temperature:
7 days
Refrigerated:
30 days
Frozen:
90 days
Clinical Significance
The Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Ab, IgG test holds specific clinical significance and diagnostic use in the field of infectious diseases and immunology. It is a blood test that detects the presence of IgG antibodies against the cytomegalovirus, a common viral infection.
The clinical significance and diagnostic use of the CMV Ab, IgG test include:
1. Past Infection Assessment: The CMV Ab, IgG test is primarily used to determine whether a patient has been previously infected with cytomegalovirus. IgG antibodies develop in response to a past infection and provide long-term immunity against the virus. A positive result indicates prior exposure to CMV and suggests immunity to subsequent infections. This information is crucial for individuals, especially pregnant women or immunocompromised patients, as it helps determine their risk of CMV reactivation or transmission.
2. Immunity Status Evaluation: The CMV Ab, IgG test aids in evaluating a patient's immune status against cytomegalovirus. In immunocompetent individuals, the presence of IgG antibodies signifies a robust immune response and protection against CMV-related complications. This is particularly important for pregnant women, as primary CMV infection during pregnancy can lead to severe congenital abnormalities in the developing fetus. A positive IgG result indicates immunity and reduces the risk of vertical transmission to the unborn child.
3. Pre-Transplant Assessment: The CMV Ab, IgG test is used in pre-transplant evaluations, especially for solid organ or bone marrow transplant recipients. Transplant candidates are often screened for prior CMV exposure to assess the risk of CMV infection or reactivation following transplantation. A positive CMV IgG result suggests previous exposure and the potential for CMV reactivation, warranting appropriate preventive measures and antiviral prophylaxis in the post-transplant period.
4. Monitoring Immune Compromised Patients: The CMV Ab, IgG test is valuable for monitoring immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. These individuals are at higher risk of CMV reactivation, which can lead to severe complications. Periodic CMV IgG testing helps evaluate their immune status and guide preventive strategies, such as antiviral therapy or adjustment of immunosuppressive medications.
5. Research and Epidemiological Studies: The CMV Ab, IgG test is also used in research and epidemiological studies to assess CMV seroprevalence rates and study the impact of CMV infection on specific populations or diseases. It provides valuable data for understanding the epidemiology of CMV and its association with various health conditions.
In summary, the CMV Ab, IgG test has specific clinical significance in assessing past CMV infection, evaluating immune status, guiding management in transplant recipients and immunocompromised patients, and supporting research and epidemiological studies. By detecting IgG antibodies against CMV in the blood, this test provides valuable information for clinical decision-making, enabling healthcare providers to assess immunity, stratify risks, implement preventive measures, and improve patient care outcomes related to cytomegalovirus infection.