Synovial Fluid Analysis and Culture, 48hr Incubation
CPT Code(s):
87070, 87075, 83872, 89060, 89051, 87205, 87102
Turnaround Time:
1 - 3 days
Specimen Requirements
Preferred Specimen:
Joint Fluid
Minimum Volume:
1.0 mL
Transport Container:
Capped Syringe (without the needle) or Sterile Cup and Lavender Top Tube
Transport Temperature:
Room Temperature
Collection Instructions:
Follow normal aseptic collection proceudres
Rejection Criteria:
Quantity not sufficient for analysis; Specimen received at room temperature > 2 hours old; Specimen received refrigerated > 48 hours old; frozen specimens
Stability Criteria
Room Temperature:
24 hours
Refrigerated:
7 days
Frozen:
Unacceptable
Clinical Significance
The Synovial Fluid Analysis and Culture, 48 hr Incubation is a diagnostic procedure used to assess the synovial fluid found in joints. It has specific clinical significance and diagnostic use in the following ways:
1. Diagnosis of Joint Infections: The test is primarily performed to detect and diagnose joint infections, such as septic arthritis. Synovial fluid analysis helps identify the presence of bacteria or other infectious agents in the joint space. The 48-hour incubation period allows for the growth of bacteria or fungi that may be present, aiding in the diagnosis of infectious causes.
2. Evaluation of Inflammatory Joint Diseases: The analysis of synovial fluid can provide valuable information about inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout. The examination of cell counts, crystal analysis, and other specific markers in the synovial fluid can help differentiate between various types of arthritis and guide appropriate treatment strategies.
3. Assessment of Joint Trauma or Injury: Synovial fluid analysis can be useful in evaluating joint trauma or injury. The test can help determine if there is any bleeding or inflammation within the joint space. It can also assist in differentiating between traumatic joint effusion and other conditions that may cause joint swelling.
4. Guidance for Treatment Decisions: The results of the synovial fluid analysis and culture can guide treatment decisions. For example, if an infection is detected, appropriate antimicrobial therapy can be initiated. The specific microorganisms identified through culture can help guide the selection of targeted antibiotics. In inflammatory joint diseases, the test results can aid in determining the appropriate use of anti-inflammatory medications or disease-modifying agents.
5. Monitoring of Treatment Response: Serial synovial fluid analysis and cultures can be performed to monitor the response to treatment in cases of joint infections. Repeat testing can help determine if the infection has been successfully eradicated and guide the duration of antimicrobial therapy.
In summary, the Synovial Fluid Analysis and Culture, 48 hr Incubation is a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing joint infections, evaluating inflammatory joint diseases, diagnosing joint trauma or injury, guiding treatment decisions, and monitoring treatment response. It provides important information that helps healthcare providers make informed decisions regarding patient care and management of joint-related conditions.